1) Ngaba izitofu zokugonya zisebenza ngokuchasene nezinto ezahlukeneyo?
Impendulo yalo mbuzo ikwingcaciso yegama elithi “umsebenzi.”Xa abaphuhlisi besitofu sokugonya bebeka iimeko zolingo lwabo lweklinikhi, basebenza ngokusondeleyo nabasemagunyeni olawulo, njengoLawulo lokuTya kunye neDrugs (FDA), ukuqinisekisa ukuba baphendula eyona mibuzo ibalulekileyo.
Kuvavanyo oluninzi lwamayeza okugonya i-COVID-19, ezona ngongoma ziphambili, okanye imibuzo ephambili ebuzwa lulingo lwezonyango, yayiluthintelo lwe-COVID-19.Oku kuthetha ukuba abaphuhlisi baya kuvavanya nayiphi na imeko ye-COVID-19, kubandakanywa iimeko ezithambileyo neziphakathi, xa babebala ukuba uqhube kakuhle kangakanani na umviwa wogonyo.
Kwimeko yesitofu sokugonya i-Pfizer-BioNTech, eyayiyeyokuqala ukufumana isigunyaziso sosetyenziso olungxamisekileyo kwi-FDA, abantu abasibhozo ababefumene isitofu sokugonya kunye nabantu abayi-162 ababefumene i-placebo baphuhlisa i-COVID-19.Oku kulingana nokusebenza kwesitofu sokugonya okungama-95%.
Kwakungekho kufa kulo naliphi na iqela kulingo lwezonyango abaphandi banokuthi babangelwa yi-COVID-19 ngexesha idatha yafumaneka esidlangalaleni kwiNew England Journal of Medicine ngo-Disemba 31, 2020.
Ngokophononongo lwakutsha nje, idatha yelizwe lokwenyani evela kwa-Israyeli icebisa ukuba olu gonyo lusebenza kakhulu ekuthinteleni i-COVID-19, kubandakanya nesifo esiqatha.
Ababhali beli phepha abakwazanga ukubonelela ngocazululo oluthile lwendlela isitofu sokugonya esisebenza ngayo ekuthinteleni i-COVID-19 kwabo banokwahluka kwe-B.1.1.7 SARS-CoV-2.Nangona kunjalo, bacebisa ukuba isitofu sokugonya siyasebenza ngokuchasene nokwahluka ngokusekelwe kwidatha yabo iyonke.
2)Abantu abanesifo sengqondo esiyingozi banokumiselwa iziyobisi ezisebenzisanayo
Yabelana kwi-PinterestUphononongo lwakutsha nje luphanda i-polypharmacy kubantu abanesifo sengqondo esiyingozi.Elena Eliachevitch/Getty Imifanekiso
● Iingcali zithi abantu abadala abanesifo sengqondo esiyingozi bafanele banciphise inani lamayeza abawaselayo asebenza ebuchotsheni nakwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo (CNS).
● Ukusebenzisa amayeza amathathu nangaphezulu kunye kubeka umntu emngciphekweni omkhulu weziphumo ezibi.
● Uhlolisiso lufumanise ukuba phantse umntu om-1 kwabasi-7 onesifo sengqondo esiyingozi nongahlali kwikhaya labalupheleyo uthabatha amathathu nangaphezulu kula mayeza.
● Olu phononongo luvavanya imiyalelo ebhalwe ngoogqirha kubantu abasisi-1.2 sesigidi esinesifo sengqondo esiyingozi.
Iingcali zicacile ukuba abantu abaneminyaka engama-65 ubudala nangaphezulu akufuneki ngaxeshanye bathathe amayeza amathathu nangaphezulu ajolise ingqondo okanye i-CNS.
Amachiza anjalo ahlala esebenzisana, okunokubangela ukuncipha kwengqondo kunye nokwandisa umngcipheko wokwenzakala nokufa.
Esi sikhokelo sibaluleke ngakumbi kubantu abanesifo sengqondo esiyingozi, abadla ngokuthatha amayeza amaninzi ukulungisa iimpawu zabo.
Uphononongo lwakutsha nje olubandakanya abantu abanesifo sengqondo esiyingozi lufumanise ukuba phantse i-1 kwi-7 yabathathi-nxaxheba bathatha amayeza amathathu okanye ngaphezulu kwengqondo kunye ne-CNS, nangona izilumkiso zeengcali.
Ngelixa urhulumente wase-United States elawula ukuhanjiswa kwamayeza anjalo kumakhaya abantu abalupheleyo, akukho kubekwa kweliso kulinganayo kubantu abahlala ekhaya okanye kwiindawo ezihlala abantu abancedwayo.Uphononongo lwakutsha nje lujolise kubantu abanesifo sengqondo esiyingozi abangahlali kumakhaya abongikazi.
Umbhali okhokelayo wophononongo, i-geriatric psychiatrist uGqr. Donovan Maust weYunivesithi yaseMichigan (UM) e-Ann Arbor, uchaza ukuba umntu unokuphelisa njani ukuthatha amayeza amaninzi:
"I-Dementia iza nemiba emininzi yokuziphatha, ukusuka ekutshintsheni ubuthongo kunye nokudandatheka ukuya ekungakhathaliyo kunye nokurhoxa, kwaye ababoneleli, abaguli kunye nabakhathaleli banokufuna ukulungisa oku ngokusebenzisa amayeza."
UGqr. Maust uvakalisa inkxalabo yokuba rhoqo, oogqirha banika amayeza amaninzi kakhulu.“Kubonakala ngathi sinabantu abaninzi abakumayeza amaninzi ngaphandle kwesizathu esibambekayo,” utshilo.
3) Ukuyeka ukutshaya kunokuphucula impilo yengqondo
● Ngokweziphumo zophononongo olucwangcisiweyo lwakutshanje, ukuyeka ukutshaya kunokuba nemiphumo emihle kwimpilo nje yeeveki.
● Uphononongo lwafumanisa ukuba abantu abaye bayeka ukutshaya baye bancipha ngakumbi ukuxhalaba, ukudandatheka neempawu zoxinezeleko kunabantu abangayekiyo.
● Ukuba ichanile, ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo zinokunceda izigidi zabantu zikhangele izizathu ezingakumbi zokuyeka ukutshaya okanye ziphephe ukuyeka ngenxa yokoyika ukugula ngengqondo okanye ukuchaphazeleka ekuhlaleni.
Nyaka ngamnye, icuba libulala abantu abangaphezu kwama-480 000 eUnited States nabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezisi-8 ehlabathini lonke.Ibe, ngokutsho kweWorld Health Organization (WHO), ukutshaya ngoyena nobangela wezifo ezinokuthintelwa, ubuhlwempu nokufa ehlabathini lonke.
Amazinga okutshaya aye ahla kakhulu kwiminyaka eyi-50 edlulileyo, ngokukodwa kumazwe anengeniso ephezulu, kunye nesantya sokusetyenziswa kwecuba ngoku kwi-19.7% e-US ngo-2018. Ngokwahlukileyo, eli zinga lihlala linenkani ephezulu (36.7%) kubantu abanengqondo. imiba yezempilo.
Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuba ukutshaya kunika izibonelelo zempilo yengqondo, ezinjengokunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo.Kolunye uphononongo, yayingengobantu abatshayayo kuphela ababecinga oku kodwa nabasebenzi bempilo yengqondo.Malunga ne-40-45% yeengcali zempilo yengqondo bacinge ukuba ukuyeka ukutshaya akuyi kuba luncedo kwizigulana zabo.
Abanye bakholelwa ukuba iimpawu zempilo yengqondo ziya kuba mandundu ngakumbi ukuba bayayeka ukutshaya.Iintshayi ezininzi zinexhala lokuba ziya kuphulukana nolwalamano lwasekuhlaleni, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokucaphuka okunokwenzeka kwangethuba xa umntu eyeka ukutshaya okanye ngenxa yokuba ekujonga ukutshaya njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi babo basekuhlaleni.
Ngokutsho kwamaZiko oLawulo lweSifo kunye noThintelo (CDC), phantse i-40 yezigidi zabantu base-US baqhubeka nokutshaya i-cigarettes.
Yiyo loo nto iqela labaphandi liye lajonga ukuba ukutshaya kuyichaphazela njani impilo yengqondo ngokuchanekileyo.Uphononongo lwabo luvela kwiThala leeNcwadi laseCochrane.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-11-2022